Optimizing phosphorus application to enhance flowering and phytochemical profiles in black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312839Keywords:
black orchid, Coelogyne pandurata, flowering induction, phosphorus application, secondary metabolitesAbstract
The black orchid (Coelogyne pandurata), an ornamental and medicinal plant endemic to Indonesia, exhibits seasonal flowering, limiting its commercial development. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of varying phosphorus concentrations in inducing out-of-season flowering and enhancing secondary metabolite content and antioxidant capacity in black orchid. A randomized complete block design experiment with five phosphorus concentration (0%, 14.4%, 21.6%, 28.8%, and 36.0%) was performed. Phosphorus was applied through foliar spraying, then growth, nutrient content, and biochemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that 14.4% of phosphorus significantly promoted earlier flowering, increased the number of flowers per stem, and improved flower dimensions. Moreover, this concentration enhanced phenolic and flavonoid content, particularly in bulbs and flowers, and increased antioxidant capacity. Higher phosphorus concentrations led to nutrient imbalances and a reduction in biochemical enhancements. The study demonstrates that optimal phosphorus application can significantly improve both the ornamental and medicinal qualities of C. pandurata, offering insights into its commercial cultivation and pharmaceutical exploration. This research contributes to orchid horticulture by optimizing nutrient- driven flowering and phytochemical enhancement, with implications for other orchid species.
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