Alterações cariotípicas, anormalidades meióticas e viabilidade polínica reduzida em citótipos triploides de Passiflora foetida (Passifloraceae) derivados de culturas de endosperma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312797Palavras-chave:
bandeamento cromossômico, comportamento meiótico, heterocromatina, maracujá ornamental, triploideResumo
A indução da poliploidia oferece a possibilidade de gerar novas variações na forma, cor, fragrância, forma, durabilidade, arquitetura da flor e a adaptabilidade em ambientes adversos. Considerando a importância de informações para a compreensão dos efeitos da triploidia na biologia reprodutiva de citótipo de Passiflora foetida o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estabilidade do genoma de plantas triploides de P. foetida regeneradas a partir de culturas de endosperma in vitro. Padrões de heterocromatina, comportamento de meiose e viabilidade polínica foram usados como parâmetros. A coloração diferencial dupla com fluorocromos DAPI/cromomicina (CMA3) revelou quatro cromossomos com uma banda CMA3+ em plantas diploides e seis cromossomos com uma banda CMA3+ em triploides de P. foetida. Como esperado, as plantas diploides apresentaram comportamento meiótico normal com aproximadamente 75% de pólen viável; enquanto os citótipos triplóides apresentaram comportamento anormal em ambas as divisões meióticas (primeira e segunda) e aproximadamente 70% de pólen inviável. A descrição dos cariótipos permite a identificação e seleção de materiais com características fenotípicas desejáveis, especialmente de plantas ornamentais que sofreram poliploidização.
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