Detection and counting marigold flowers using drone images and YOLOv8 in complex environments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v32.e323014Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, precision agriculture, small detection, UAVAbstract
A contagem manual de flores de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) é uma tarefa exigente em força de trabalho, podendo comprometer a precisão das estimativas de produtividade e a determinação do momento ideal de colheita, especialmente em áreas de grande escala. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de cinco versões do modelo de detecção de objetos YOLOv8 (Nano, Small, Medium, Large e X-Large) para a detecção e contagem de flores de calêndula utilizando imagens RGB de alta resolução adquiridas por veículos aéreos não tripulados (VANTs). O delineamento experimental incluiu a aquisição de imagens com um drone multiespectral, o recorte e a anotação das imagens, e o treinamento dos modelos no Google Colab com o otimizador Adam. Foram analisadas métricas de desempenho como precisão, recall, mAP50, mAP50–95 e perda de classificação, bem como a correlação dos modelos com a contagem manual por meio do coeficiente de Pearson, RMSE, MAE e R². O modelo Large apresentou o melhor desempenho, alcançando mais de 90% de precisão e mAP50, e um R² de 0,895. Embora o modelo X-Large tenha oferecido precisão semelhante, exigiu significativamente mais recursos computacionais. Em contraste, o modelo Small mostrou-se uma alternativa computacionalmente eficiente, com desempenho comparável aos modelos maiores. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade da integração de imagens obtidas por VANTs e do YOLOv8 para a detecção automatizada e precisa de flores, reduzindo a subjetividade e a demanda de força de trabalho no manejo da floricultura. Essa abordagem mostra potencial para aplicações mais amplas na agricultura de precisão, especialmente em culturas com estruturas florais pequenas e densas.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Thiago Orlando Costa Barboza, Girley Valdes Fernandez, Franklin Inácio, Layla Pinto, Michele Dos Reis, Adão Felipe Dos Santos

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