Avaliação da tolerância à seca em vários genótipos de petúnia com base em suas respostas morfofisiológicas e bioquímicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v31.e312939Palavras-chave:
antioxidante, crescimento, escassez de água, Petunia × hybrida, toleranteResumo
Devido às restrições dos recursos hídricos, o estudo e a seleção de plantas ornamentais tolerantes à seca, juntamente com uma melhor compreensão de seus mecanismos fisiológicos e bioquímicos, podem contribuir para aumentar sua produtividade em ambientes áridos e semiáridos. Um experimento fatorial baseado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado foi conduzido com três regimes hídricos (sem estresse – 90% da capacidade do vaso, estresse moderado – 60% da capacidade do vaso e estresse severo – 30% da capacidade do vaso) em oito genótipos de petúnia, a saber: Heirloom petunia (P1), Petunia × hybrida Supercascade White (P2), Petunia × hybrida grandiflora Frost Blue (P3), Petunia × hybrida grandiflora Crimson Star (P4), Petunia milliflora Picobella Rose Morn (P5), Petunia grandiflora Tritunia White (P6), Petunia grandiflora Success 360 Blue (P7) e Petunia Supercascade Red (P8). Após o período de aplicação dos regimes hídricos, foram avaliadas variáveis morfofisiológicas, bioquímicas e de crescimento, com duração total do experimento de 120 dias. Os pigmentos fotossintéticos e os parâmetros de crescimento foram reduzidos sob condições de estresse em todos os genótipos de petúnia. Sob condições de seca, os genótipos P1 e P5 apresentaram melhor desempenho, maior produção de solutos osmoticamente ativos e maior atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, menor extravasamento de eletrólitos e menor redução do teor relativo de água em comparação com os demais genótipos. A catalase e a superóxido dismutase não desempenharam funções antioxidativas significativas no genótipo P8, que foi identificado como o mais vulnerável ao estresse hídrico severo. Esses resultados destacam o potencial do genótipo P1, seguido por P5, para o cultivo em ambientes com limitação de água, oferecendo informações valiosas para o melhoramento genético e aplicações em paisagismo em áreas propensas à seca.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Leyla Cheheltanan, Saeed Khosravi, Mahmoud Shoor, Ali Tehranifar, Hossein Nemati
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