Alterações morfofisiológicas e efeitos de reguladores de crescimento exógenos no crescimento floral da cúrcuma (Curcuma alismatifolia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v32.e322994Palavras-chave:
Desenvolvimento floral, florescimento, meristema da inflorescência, reguladores de crescimentoResumo
A cúrcuma (Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.) é uma planta ornamental tropical com capacidade de crescer durante todo o ano. No entanto, suas flores naturais florescem apenas durante a estação chuvosa, limitando assim seu potencial comercial como planta ornamental de floração contínua. Este estudo analisou as mudanças morfológicas e fisiológicas durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas derivadas de bulbos e avaliou os efeitos de reguladores de crescimento vegetal exógenos no desenvolvimento da flor nos estágios de plântula e adulto. O desenvolvimento da flor da cúrcuma pode ser dividido em dois estágios distintos: (1) estágio de transição da floração (dias 18 - 30), (2) estágio de desenvolvimento da flor (dias 30 - 72). O desenvolvimento da flor inclui (i) a formação e o desenvolvimento dos órgãos florais (dias 30 - 62), (ii) o alongamento e a antese da inflorescência (dias 62 - 72). As atividades de auxina, giberelina e citocinina aumentaram gradualmente do estágio vegetativo para o reprodutivo, atingindo o pico durante o desenvolvimento tardio da inflorescência, enquanto a atividade do ácido abscísico aumentou do estágio vegetativo para o estágio de formação do meristema floral, mas diminuiu gradualmente a partir daí. A aplicação de 20 mg L-1 de indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ou 10 mg L-1 de benzyladenine (BA) promoveu significativamente a floração em plantas jovens e acelerou o desenvolvimento floral em plantas maduras. Além disso, o tratamento com 20 mg L-1 de ácido giberélico também promoveu o alongamento das hastes da inflorescência. Esses resultados sugerem que o uso apropriado de reguladores de crescimento podem acelerar, de forma eficaz, o florescimento de C. alismatifolia, aumentando assim o seu potencial comercial.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Cam Tu Trinh, Pham Anh Minh Nguyen, Thanh Hương Tran
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