Analysis of exogenous auxin and cytokinin action in overcoming root restriction in green and variegated Benjamin fig
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v29i1.2502Palavras-chave:
Ficus benjamina, plantas ornamentais, reguladores de crescimentoResumo
Ficus Benjamina (Ficus benjamina) verde e variegado geralmente sofre de restrição no crescimento das raízes quando cultivado em vasos. Embora as aplicações de citocinina exógena tenham se mostrado eficazes na reversão desse estresse, a possibilidade de que auxinas exógenas, sozinhas ou em combinação com citocinina, também possam ser benéficas tem recebido pouca atenção. Neste trabalho, foi analisada a resposta de estacas enraizadas de Ficus benjamina verdes e variegadas cultivadas em pequenos vasos, em relação ao fornecimento exógeno de auxina e citocinina em diferentes concentrações, em aplicações únicas ou combinadas. Nossos resultados mostram que tanto a benzilaminopurina (BAP) quanto o ácido indol-acético (IAA), na maior concentração testada (100 mg L-1), aumentaram o desenvolvimento foliar e o acúmulo de biomassa vegetal nos genótipos de Ficus verde e variegado. No entanto, AIA e BAP exógenos parecem provocar respostas morfofisiológicas diferenciadas nas plantas. O uso de BAP teve a tendência de melhorar a aparência das folhas mais do que AIA, sendo que este promoveu a expansão foliar de maneira mais estável do que o BAP, resultando em plantas com menos folhas, porém maiores, do que as tratadas com citocinina. Apesar dessas diferenças na arquitetura da planta, a análise de regressão sugere que a promoção do crescimento induzida por hormônios foi atribuída exclusivamente ao aumento da assimilação de carbono. De forma bastante inesperada, o AIA promoveu assimilação líquida e taxas de fotossíntese pelo menos tão efetivamente quanto a citocinina. Possíveis mecanismos envolvidos na promoção do crescimento e desenvolvimento pela aplicação exógena de ambos os hormônios são discutidos. O tratamento com auxina pode ajudar a superar a restrição radicular em Ficus de forma tão eficaz quanto a citocinina em termos de promoção de crescimento, embora possam surgir diferenças na arquitetura da planta em comparação com plantas pulverizadas com o último hormônio.
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